> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://private-7c7dfe99-detect-table-modification.mintlify.site/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Best practices in ClickHouse

> Landing page for Best Practices section in ClickHouse

This section provides the best practices you will want to follow to get the most out of ClickHouse.

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Choosing a primary key" icon="key" href="/concepts/best-practices/choosing-a-primary-key">
    How to choose a primary key in ClickHouse.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Selecting data types" icon="shapes" href="/concepts/best-practices/select-data-type">
    How to choose the right data types for your columns.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Use materialized views" icon="layer-group" href="/concepts/best-practices/use-materialized-views">
    Shift computation from query time to insert time with materialized views.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Minimize and optimize JOINs" icon="link" href="/concepts/best-practices/minimize-optimize-joins">
    Best practices for using JOINs in ClickHouse.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Choosing a partitioning key" icon="folder-tree" href="/concepts/best-practices/partitioning-keys">
    How to choose a partitioning key.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Selecting an insert strategy" icon="file-import" href="/concepts/best-practices/selecting-an-insert-strategy">
    How to choose an insert strategy, including bulk and asynchronous inserts.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Use data skipping indices where appropriate" icon="filter" href="/concepts/best-practices/using-data-skipping-indices">
    How and when to use data skipping indices.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Avoid mutations" icon="ban" href="/concepts/best-practices/avoid-mutations">
    Why you should avoid mutations in ClickHouse.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Avoid OPTIMIZE FINAL" icon="triangle-exclamation" href="/concepts/best-practices/avoid-optimize-final">
    Why you should avoid `OPTIMIZE TABLE ... FINAL`.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Avoid nullable columns" icon="circle-minus" href="/concepts/best-practices/avoidnullablecolumns">
    Why nullable columns should be avoided in ClickHouse.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Use JSON where appropriate" icon="code" href="/concepts/best-practices/json-type">
    When to use the `JSON` data type.
  </Card>
</CardGroup>